What term refers to a gradual increase in sound volume in music?

The term that refers to a gradual increase in sound volume in music is "crescendo." This term indicates a dynamic change where the music becomes progressively louder over a specified duration. Crescendo is typically notated in sheet music with a symbol that resembles a long, narrow angle, guiding musicians to smoothly build intensity and volume.

Understanding crescendo is crucial for performers, as it adds emotional depth and excitement to a piece, allowing the music to swell and enhance the overall performance. It is often employed in various musical genres to create tension or to emphasize a particular section of the piece. In contrast, terms like "forte" identifies a loud dynamic level without implying a change, "staccato" describes a style of playing where notes are sharply detached, and "decrescendo" denotes a gradual decrease in volume, indicating the opposite of crescendo. This understanding of dynamics enriches a musician's interpretive skills and contributes to a more nuanced performance.